After studying Arabic and Islamic studies at the University of Oxford and the American University in Cairo in the 1970s, John McHugo practiced international law in the Middle East, where his work during the 1980s and 1990s concentrated on boundary disputes between sovereign states. In the early 2000s, he turned his attention to studying and writing about the history of the Middle East and Islam. His books include A Concise History of Sunnis and Shi'is; A Concise History of the Arabs; and Syria: A Recent History.