Diseases of the osteoarticular-muscular system account for a significant percentage of medical consultations (10%), affecting up to 40% of the population and encompassing both degenerative and inflammatory conditions, which can have a significant impact on the patient's quality of life. The most commonly observed symptom in this group of diseases is pain, which can be accompanied by a variety of other symptoms. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the importance of a proper anamnesis and physical examination in the diagnostic process. Proper anamnesis and semiological physical examination are fundamental tools in the clinical diagnosis of musculoskeletal diseases. These early stages of the diagnostic process provide guidance to the underlying disease and help determine what additional tests are necessary to confirm the diagnosis.