Early modern European thought held that men and women were essentially the same. During the seventeenth century, medical and legal arguments began to turn against this 'one-sex' model, with hermaphroditism seen as a medieval superstition. This book traces this change in Iberia in comparison to the earlier shift in thought in northern Europe. "This excellent book by Cleminson and Vázquez García opens up new avenues for on-going research, offers a wellinformed survey on the topic, and is a model for future advancement." - Carles Gutiérrez-Sanfeliu, The University of Queensland