Mary Jo Bowie is a registered Health Information Administrator, accredited Health Information Technician, and owner of Health Information Professional Services, a medical record consulting firm in Binghamton, New York. For more than 15 years, she has served as an instructor in the Health Information Technology Program at Broome Community College, teaching courses in medical coding, quality assurance, and computers in healthcare. A respected author, she has written or co-authored numerous successful books on coding and health information management, including UNDERSTANDING ICD-9-CM, UNDERSTANDING PROCEDURAL CODING, UNDERSTANDING ICD-10-CM/PCS, and ESSENTIALS OF HIM. In addition, she was the New York State nominee for the National Award for Literacy Contribution to Profession in 1993 and 1994. An active member of the American Health Information Management Association, she has served on the New York State Health Information Association Board of Directors, where she was education director and a member of the Ambulatory Coding Guideline Committee. Ms. Bowie is a popular national speaker for ICD-9-CM, CPT(R) and ICD-10-CM and ICD-10-PCS. She holds associate of arts, bachelor of science, and master of science degrees. Gail I. Smith is an associate professor and director of the Health Information Management Program at the University of Cincinnati. A Health Information Management professional and educator for more than three decades, she has served as a coding consultant for several years and has written or co-authored several successful coding textbooks. She is an active member and former board member of the American Health Information Management Association. She received her bachelor's degree from The Ohio State University and her master's degree in education from The College of Mt. St. Joseph.